Diabetic retinopathy .. symptoms, causes and treatment

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications caused by diabetes, affecting the eyes. It occurs due to the damage of the blood vessels in the light tissue of the light in the back of the eye (retina). Initially, diabetic retinopathy can cause no symptoms, or this can only cause minor vision problems. But it can eventually reach blindness. This condition may arise in any person with type 1 diabetes or type 2. The longer the period of diabetes, the less control of the blood sugar level, the more vulnerable to these types of complications affecting the eyes. Symptoms may not show the patient symptoms in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. With the progress of the condition it can be affected by the following: dark spots or wires in the field of vision (floats). If someone has diabetes, the ophthalmologist must be visited to examine the eye annually by expanding the pupil, even if the vision looks good. Diabetes during pregnancy (pregnancy diabetes) or infection before pregnancy can increase the possibility of diabetic retinopathy. If the woman is pregnant, the ophthalmologist may recommend additional eye examinations during pregnancy. It is recommended to contact the ophthalmologist once the sudden changes in the vision, the confusion of the vision or the appearance of spots in it or their fog. Reasons Over time, high blood sugar can lead to a blockage of the micro blood vessels that feed the retina, leading to cutting their blood supply. As a result, the eye is trying to create new blood vessels. But these new blood vessels do not develop properly, and fluids can leak easily. There are two types of diabetic retinopathy, namely: Early diabetic retinopathy in this most common form, which is not -proliferative diabetic retinopathy, does not grow (increase) the new blood vessels. If infection with non -multiproic retinopathy finds the weakness in the walls of the blood vessels in the injured retina. Define the swelling of the smaller vessels are highlighted, and sometimes fluids and blood are placed in the retina. The larger retinal vessels can begin to expand, and it also becomes irregular. Not -otrophic retinopathy can be exacerbated from slightly to severe, with more blood vessels clogged. The damage of the blood vessels in the retina sometimes leads to the accumulation of fluids (edema) in the middle part of the retina (retinal stain). And if the retinal edema causes lower visibility, the treatment should be requested to prevent permanent vision loss. Advanced diabetic retinopathy can exacerbate diabetic retinopathy to this most serious type, known as the multiplier rhetinopathy. In this kind, damaged blood vessels are closed, causing new abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina. But these new blood vessels are fragile, and fluids can be leaked into a vivid transparent substance, filling the middle of the eye (the glass body). In the end, the tissue caused by the growth of new blood vessels can cause the retina separation from the back of the eye. If the new blood vessels impede the natural flow of fluids outside the eye, the pressure can accumulate in the eyeball. This congestion can damage the nerve that transports images from the eye to the brain (optic nerve), which leads to pulp. In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, the walls of the blood vessels in the retina are weak. Little puffs are found from the walls of the blood vessels, and its fluid leak occurs within the retina. The tissues can be swollen in the retina, leading to white spots in the retina. With the progress of diabetic retinopathy, new blood vessels can grow and the ability to see threaten. Prevention may not always prevent diabetic retinopathy. However, periodic eye tests and good control of blood sugar, blood pressure and early intervention can help treat vision problems to prevent severe visual loss. If someone has diabetes, he must reduce the possibility of diabetes retinopathy to do the following: control of diabetes. Make healthy eating and physical activities part of daily habits. And try to assign at least 150 minutes a week to practice moderate air activities, such as walking. Medication for oral or insulating diabetes is taken as prescribed by the doctor. Monitor the level of sugar in the blood. A person may need to examine and absorb blood sugar levels several times a day, or at lower intervals when he is ill, or suffer from stress. The doctor should ask about the number of times he should test the blood sugar level. The doctor’s question about the diabetic hemoglobin test. The results of the diabetic hemoglobin test reflect the average sugar in the blood during the two -month period to the three months before the test. Most people with diabetes should keep diabetic hemoglobin below 7%. Maintaining the survival of blood pressure and cholesterol under control. Eating healthy foods, exercising regularly and losing excess weight can help. Medicine can also be taken sometimes. If someone smokes or uses other types of tobacco, he should ask the doctor to help him stop. Smoking increases the risk of many complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy. Attention to changes in vision. Contact the ophthalmologist immediately if the vision suddenly changes, or the vision becomes confused, intermittent or mist. It should be remembered that diabetes does not necessarily lead to visual loss. Effective control of diabetes can help cut a long -term to complications. Treatment is aimed at treating, which depends a lot on the type of diabetic retinitis and the intensity of delaying or stopping the aggravation of the disease. If the Abur diabetic retinopathy is lightly or medium intensity, the patient may not need to receive immediate treatment. However, the ophthalmologist will carefully monitor the eyes to determine the appropriate date for treatment. Collaboration with a diabetic (endocrinologist), to determine if there is a way to improve the way diabetes is treated. Usually, the agony of the condition can be delayed by controlling the blood sugar levels if the diabetic retinopathy is light or medium. In the case of a multiplication of retinopathy or macular edema, the patient will need a treatment immediately. Based on the problems in the retina, options may include: injection of medicine in the eye. These medications, which are called bruises of vascular ventricular growth, are injected into the glass body in the eye. It helps to stop the growth of new blood vessels and reduce fluid accumulation. Two medicines obtained the accreditation of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat diabetic macular edema, namely Ranbizumab and Eylea. There is a third medicine, which is the Avastin, that can be used without a permit to treat diabetic macular edema. This medication is injected with local anesthesia. The injection can cause a slight discomfort, such as heartburn, tear run or 24 hours after the injection feels pain. Possible side effects include the accumulation of pressure in the eye and infection. This injection must be repeated. This medication is sometimes used with light yard. Approach. This laser therapy, also known as focal laser treatment, can stop or delay blood and fluid leakage. In this procedure, the leaks are treated due to abnormal blood vessels with laser fire wounds. Forex -Laser treatment is usually performed in one session of the doctor’s clinic or ophthalmologist. If the patient is with the vision clouds before the operation arising from the Baqmati -OoSem, the treatment may not return to normal, but it is likely that the opportunity to aggravate the macular edema will decrease. Scratch optically associated with the entire retina. This treatment with laser radiation, also called distributed laser treatment, can lead to abnormal blood vessels. During the procedure, areas of the stain retina are treated with distributed laser fire wounds. Burns cause the new abnormal blood vessels to shrink and scars. Treatment is usually performed in two or more sessions with a doctor’s clinic or ophthalmologist. The vision will be cloudy about one day after the procedure. The peripheral vision or night vision is likely to be somewhat lost after the procedure. Removal of glass body in the eye. The surgeon in this procedure uses a very small incision in the eye to remove the blood from the center of the eye (the glass body), as well as the scar tissue that affects the retina. This procedure is performed in a surgical or hospital center using general or local anesthesia. Surgery delays or stops the progress of diabetic retinopathy, but it is not a healing treatment. And because diabetes is a lifelong condition, it is still likely that the retina is damaged; And then a loss of sight in the future. The patient will still have to conduct eye examinations regularly, even after treating diabetic retinopathy. He may need additional treatment at some point in his life. *This content of “Mayo Clinic”