Unprecedented success in the field of pig organ transplantation

In a new scientific performance, researchers managed to plant kidneys of genetically modified pigs in Makak monkeys, and a study published on Wednesday showed in the journal “Nature” that the process of implanting pigs in the Makak model kept the monkey alive for a period of more than 750 days, which indicates that the survival rate was the largest. These results are the largest and most comprehensive collection of data published so far in this area. Genome modifications and the leading study that emphasize many modifications to the pig’s genome, which provides promising evidence that this technology can overcome future immune barriers to human organ transplants and extend the survival of these life -saving organs. Since the 1970s and eighties, human organ transplantation has become a donor for a recipient of the treatment, an acceptable matter, but the availability of organs compared to the needs is still very few, as most individuals with defects in the last phase await a suitable donor member. The implantation of animal organs in humans can overcome this shortage and save many life. Why pigs? Pigs are the most promising donor animals, because of the availability of the technology needed to change their genome, shorten their pregnancy, and overcome their rapid growth to a compatible size with people, and anatromic agreement with their members with human organs, but the refusal of the human immune system over 40 years. Over the past few years, the technology of improved Genetics (CRISPR technology) and immune suppressing treatments has led to the encouragement of survival experiences using an animal member. In January 2022, the first heart transplant from a pig to one was exported, but the patient died only two months after cultivating that heart. The genetic amendments made by the researchers to the pigs prevented the refusal of the transplanted member and extended the survival of the monkeys for a period of more than two years. Makkak -Cape belongs to the head, which is the rank of mammal -sects to which humans also belong, and that means the presence of great similarities between humans and macak monkeys from a biological and anatomical point of view, which improves the idea of ​​the organs’s success planted by pigs in humans. The reasons for refusing the members in an interview with ‘Al -Sharq’, writer Michael Kirtz said that the study contained 3 important genetic amendments to the pig kidney, which was represented in the removal of 3 genes responsible for the creation of the organs. Glycan -Antigens are molecules consisting of carbohydrates (sugar or glycane chains) that can lead to an immune response in the body, a kind of antigen that recognizes the immune system, specifically by antibodies. These antigens play a decisive role in different biological processes, including immune response and identification of cellular cells. Glycan -Antigens can be found on the surface of the cells, including the cells of the cultivated organs. And when these glycemic antigens are identified as strange by the recipient’s immune system, it can lead to an immune response that leads to the rejection of the member. By removing these antigens, researchers have overcome a major obstacle that prevents animal -organ transplantation. Curved human genes said that 7 human genes are placed in pig genes for the purpose of organizing multiple paths that adjust rejection, including inflammation, fungal immunity, coagulation and supplements. The team also disabled the inner viruses of the origin of the pig in the pork genome, which improves the consensus more. By comparison, the kidneys that were not genetically modified and contained the Galcan antigen showed a weakness in the survival, while the kidney adjusted showed a longer period of 7 times, on average 24 days compared to 176 days. This incredible difference emphasizes the tremendous potential to express human genes in the patch of pigs to ensure long -term survival. The donor glands that carry and genetically have the human and genetic genes have managed to grow in Makak monkeys until significantly longer periods of survival. The functional analysis in the laboratory revealed that the modified lining cells of the College of Pigs have adapted inflammation in a way that is very similar to the human ventricular cells, which indicate a high level of human immunity compatibility in genetically modified cells. In addition, the evaluation of the important indicators of the renal function of the monkeys showed that a single -cultivated pigment college has effectively filtered toxins, which compensates for the absence of two original kidneys. The author, Wangen Quinn, explained during a press conference on Tuesday that the study succeeded in stopping the existing antibodies in advance, whether human or not -man of interaction with pig particles rejecting the cultivated kidneys. Ethical safety and concerns, which are used from safety procedures as a kidney in a pig and cultivated in humans? In response to a question to “Al -Sharq”, Curtis indicated that the team with the food and drug administration in the United States discussed serious and continuous safety measures. He added that one of the basic concerns associated with the safety of organ transplantation is the possibility that the human recipient’s immune system recognizes the pork as a strange member, and it has an immune response, leading to the member’s refusal, and he continued: “We managed to avoid this problem by removing the antigens on the surface of the antigens.” The organ transplantation of pigs also involves the risk of transmitting infection or animal diseases from pigs to humans, and this risk includes withdrawal viruses and other possible causes of disease, and Kirtz pointed out that “this issue has already been addressed by disrupting the virgin viruses.” The study also contains long -term results and data described by Curtis as ‘solid’, which will help do experiments on people within two years from now, he said. An ‘ethical issue’ The process of transplanting pigs in people brings up a set of moral issues that need to be carefully seen, and these problems contain a wide range of topics, including animal care, enlightened approval, potential risks and broader social effects. The use of animals, especially pigs, as organists, raises moral concerns about the treatment and well -being of these animals. Genetic amendment and animal increase for a single purpose may be considered to provide the organs needed for human organ transplantation as an ethical problem, and moral considerations include the circumstances in which these animals are raised and whether they experience unnecessary suffering. In the context of clinical organ transplantation, the acquisition of an informed approval of patients is needed, as patients must fully understand the potential risks, doubts and long -term effects to receive a member of an animal source, and there is also a need to assess the risks and benefits of organ transplantation, such as the transfer of the inhibes. Long term. In comments, Curtis said that ethical problems are not underestimated at all, suggesting that she will undergo an extensive discussion before the start of the experiments about people.