Study: Urine samples can help detect prostate cancer

A recent study in which researchers at the Carolinska Institute in Sweden participated in the possibility of diagnosing prostate cancer in the early stages by a simple urine sample. The research relied on the analysis of genetic activity in cancer cells using artificial intelligence, which enabled the team to determine new important indicators characterized by high diagnostic precision. Prostate cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer in men around the world, and doctors face a major challenge in the early diagnosis due to the lack of indicators with micro areas. In this study, researchers at the Carolinska Institute, Ambraal College London and China Hospital in China worked together to develop a digital model for prostate cancer based on the analysis of thousands of individual cells in crops. Integrated models and by analyzing the activity of the Ribzi acid in these cells, to determine their location and the degree of cancer development, the researchers enable the creation of integrated digital models, and then use artificial intelligence to find proteins that can be used as important indicators. These indicators have been tested in blood, tissues and urinary samples for about two thousand patients, and the results have shown that a specific group can detect important indicators in the urine the presence of cancer and determine its intensity with the current analysis based on the qualitative prostate antigen (PSA). The qualitative prostate antigen is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and plays an important role in maintaining the liquidity of the semen. This antigen is one of the most important indicators used to detect prostate cancer as the blood levels rise if there is a defect in the prostate, whether due to cancer, benign inflation or inflammation. This antigen is detected by a blood test that measures the amount of this protein, and normal levels are usually less than 4 NG per milliliter, although values ​​may vary by age and other factors. However, inaccurate testing is not 100%accurate as it can produce false positive or false negative results, which can lead to unnecessary biops or delay in diagnosis. Therefore, researchers work to develop more accurate important indicators, such as those newly discovered in the urine; To improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer and reduce the dependence on specific prostate antigen. In the new study, a group of important indicators in the urine can be identified that can help detect prostate cancer with high accuracy, including a protein produced by the prostate gland, in addition to special genetic substances that occur when there are cancer cells. Changes have also been discovered in some genes associated with crops, which can be monitored in urine samples to a simple stimulation of the prostate. These indicators also contain enzymes and other proteins that increase significantly when malignant crops are present. The most important researcher in the study, Michael Benson, said that the use of urine in the diagnosis offers many benefits, including that it is not -surgery and easy to collect, and it can even be performed at home before the sample is sent to clinical laboratories for analysis; This method depends on urine analysis using advanced techniques, making it less disturbing for the patient compared to traditional tests such as blood tests or biopsies. However, he emphasized that the need to subject this method to additional assessments in large clinical studies before being officially approved. In the next phase, researchers plan to perform large clinical trials to accelerate the promising important indicator test. Benson emphasized that these new indicators can contribute to an early and more accurate diagnosis, which improves treatment opportunities and reduces the need for unnecessary biope with healthy men. The study was also mainly funded by the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Cancer Research Fund, with no conflict of interest mentioned among researchers.