With the entry into force of the fees .. What does Trump's customs dreams have on the ground?

“The customs duties are our biggest weapon” … with this phrase Donald Trump on March 3, 2016 during an election debate in Detroit, Michigan, the Republican candidate at the time announced his daring vision to reform global trade under a strict US leadership, using customs as negotiations and economic weapons. During his first term (2017-2021), Trump translated this vision into a partly reality by lighting a trade war with China and imposing hundreds of billions of fees on its imports and accusing it of unfair practices and theft of intellectual property. Allied countries also did not escape this trend. When he returned to the White House in January 2025, specifically on the second of last April, Trump resumed his customs project and announced a large fee package from 10% and 41% on importing several countries. With these drawings that have come into effect, we review the most important commercial transactions Trump has held over the past 128 days, and those who have fallen in their completion, and the most affected sectors of these drawings, to evaluate the extent of the US president’s success to turn his customs dreams into a real reality. China, after several tours through a difficult trade war, has reached the US and Chinese parties of what has been described as a commercial ceasefire that includes the suspension of customs tariffs in some sectors, in addition to the activation of some fees with the validity of some of them, previously imposed. On May 12, the two countries reached an agreement that gives the two largest economies in the world an additional three -month period to resolve their differences. As a result, US fees for Chinese imports are reduced from a total of 145% to 30%, including the percentage associated with Fentanel, compared to 34% in the ‘Liberation Day’ ad. China has also reduced its customs fees on US goods from 125% to 10%. US Treasury Secretary Scott Besent recently warned that China’s continued purchase of Russian oil could lead to the imposition of ‘big’ fees on the country. Beijing answered quickly, as foreign spokesman Gina Kun Inn ‘take reasonable measures for energy security based on its national interests’, adding that ‘coercion and pressure will not solve problems.’ Trump also indicated that he was open to the meeting of Chinese President Xi Jinping, provided a previous agreement was reached, adding: “I will meet with the Chinese president if we reach an agreement.” India can be described as the owner of the most complicated trade negotiations so far, as US President Donald Trump imposed additional customs duties by 25% on Indian goods, the day before yesterday, to reach 50%, due to the continued purchase of Russian energy, which led to an escalation of the dispute with a large Asian partner. This commercial punishment came despite the fact that India was one of the first countries to talk to Washington, after Moody’s high -level visit to the White House in February. Also read: India expects a new negotiating tour with Washington to a 25% fee. India expects to receive an US commercial delegation on August 25 to continue negotiations on the commercial agreement, after Trump has imposed customs duties by 25% (compared to 26% in April). Russia is expected to see new fees and fines for Moscow during the next few hours – as Trump threatened – as an official endowment of the war in Ukraine, where the US president gave his counterpart Vladimir Putin to the eighth of August to end the epilepsy, otherwise he would not prepare for serious punishment. This comes despite the fact that US Treasury Secretary Scott Besent told Fox News that Russia has been exempt from mutual fees, as the United States does not trade, due to the serious sanctions focused as the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. have. And Brussels, as Trump threatened to impose customs up to 35% on the European Union, instead of now 15%, if he fails to fulfill its commercial promises with Washington, without clarifying the nature of this obligation or the deadline for its implementation. He said: “We will impose 35% fees on Europe if its obligations are not applied,” compared to 20% in early April. In response, the European Union has agreed to buy US energy products worth $ 750 billion, and to invest up to 2028 $ 600 billion in the United States over existing spending, with state markets open to trade with America without fees, and ‘large quantities’ military equipment. However, the promises of stability in European American relations seem less convinced day by day. Pharmaceutical products are still vulnerable to a US investigation, and there are conflicting accounts about the future of customs duties on steel with 50%, according to Bloomberg Economics. The UK was the UK, the first trade transaction with Washington. On May 8, Donald Trump announced a ‘complete and comprehensive’ trade agreement with Britain, as the United States agreed to reduce customs duties on British cars to 10% instead of 27.5% for the first 100,000 vehicles annually, and to cancel steel money from 25% to zero. On the other hand, the UK promised to increase the graphic quotas on cows and ethanol meat imports from the United States. Also read: Trump announces a trade agreement with Britain Japan on July 23. Trump has announced an agreement with Japan that imposes customs duties with 15% (compared to 24%) and investing $ 550 billion to US industries and opened the Japanese markets for US exports. In addition to public drawings, Japan, like other countries, is subject to extra fees of 25% on cars, parts and 50% on steel and aluminum. Japanese Prime Minister Shikiro Ishiba considered the commercial agreement as ‘profitable for both parties’, but the implementation of its items can be more difficult than negotiating it. The main trade negotiator in Japan, Riosi Akazawa, also acknowledged the validity of criticism of the absence of any written formula for the agreement. “I understand that the existence of a written formula will be useful,” Akazawa said, adding that the agreements that Washington concluded with both the European Union and South Korea also do not include official documents. South Korea has reached a commercial agreement after months of talks with South Korea, to impose customs with 15% (compared to 25%) on its exports to the United States, and includes a $ 350 billion pump in an investment fund in America. South Korea Minister of Finance said his country had obtained a promise from the United States not to be exposed to less preferential treatment than any country than Washington continued to impose new customs on semiconductors. Thailand and Cambodia used Trump’s commercial negotiations as a pressure instrument to push Thailand and Cambodia to the negotiating table, threatening that Washington will not trade with one of them as long as the fighting continues. Days after the ceasefire between the two neighbors by Trump, after border collisions, the United States imposed 19% of customs on the import from Thailand and Cambodia. Thailand has offered a significant increase in its purchases of US goods on which there is a local demand, including agricultural products, liquid natural gas and Boeing aircraft, with the aim of reducing its trade surplus, which amounted to $ 46 billion last year. It also promised to increase its investments in the United States, including the gas project in Alaska, supported by Trump. Also read: The Thailand and Cambodia crisis: a tremendous economic variation and a decisive US pressure, New Zealand, New Zealand, try to reduce the 15%customs duties they imposed, according to the Minister of Commerce Tod Mclei. “We will communicate quickly with US officials to clarify the issue and seek changes,” Mclei said. Mclei said that the trade surplus is “not wonderful … We offered our view and we will repeat it, namely that the trade exchange between the two countries is largely balanced.” “This decision is not in the interests of New Zealand, but it is not in the interests of the world.” Vietnam The United States has reached an agreement with Vietnam which determines the imposition of 20% fees (compared to 46%) on its exports to the United States, as well as higher fees of up to 40% on the goods that are believed to have been recharged from other countries. Vietnam estimates that her exports to the United States could drop by a third, equivalent to $ 37 billion. The native accounts are attached new Turkish damage to most of the country’s most important industries such as electronics, machinery, clothing, shoes and furniture. Indonesia on July 15, Trump announced a commercial agreement with Indonesia, according to which goods from the country will be subject to customs duties of 19%, compared to 32% previously, as well as Indonesia to buy $ 15 billion in US energy, agricultural products from the United States worth $ 4.5 billion, and 50 Boeing Airs, of which best, Customized, implementing the implementation of the implementation of implementing the implementation of implementing the implementation of the implementation of implementing the implementation of the implementation of the implementation of the implementation of the establishment of the establishment. 50% on Brazilian exports for a seven -day period, with many products exempt from these punishment. He explained in the executive order issued at the time that these fees were introduced in response to the policies and measures taken by the Brazilian government, which posed a threat to US national security. The Philippines, the United States, reached an agreement with the Philippines that define the customs of 19% on its exports. Trump initially imposed a 17% drawing in April on the Philippines, the close ally, but he suspended the implementation to make way for negotiations. At the beginning of July, he threatened to increase the percentage to 20%. Canada was free from the full list of customs duties from Canada, and Trump said his country would impose customary duties with 35% on some imports from Canada, higher than the previous 25% previous fees imposed in the beginning of March under the Emergency Act. Although the two countries are considered an old and nearest neighbor. It also responded to the United States because of the previous customs duties that Trump imposed. But the US administration has released from fees for goods traded under the trade agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada (USMCA). Mexico on July 31, Trump expanded the current customs tariffs on Mexico for 90 days to allow more time for commercial negotiations with the southern neighbor of his country. “The complexities of the agreement with Mexico differ somewhat from other countries because of the borders and their origin,” Trump said at the time. Trump added that Mexico will continue to pay 25% customs definitions on fentanel, 25% on cars and 50% on steel, aluminum and copper. Earlier this year, Trump also imposed customs definitions on Mexican goods, but included exemptions for commodities covered by the United States Mexico canada, called “USMCA”. Arab countries on July 31, Trump lowered the fees on 4 Arab countries, namely Iraq, Libya, Tunisia and Jo Rdania, with rates ranging from one point and 5 percentage points, while the percentage of Syria remained at 41% (the highest fees around the world). Read more: Why did Trump impose the highest customs in the world on Syria? On the second April, Trump introduced the minimum fees on most Arab countries by 10%, and the percentage applies to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the Emirates and the rest of the region, except Jordan (20%), which was later reduced to (15%) and Syria (41%). No Arab country has started official negotiations with Washington to alleviate or cancel customs duties. The sectoral fees were not limited to the war of fees on states. In the context of the commercial struggle that Trump is fighting and considers it “needed to protect national security”, he also undertook to reveal additional customs targets targeting strategic sectors, including pharmaceutical industries and semi -conductors. Trump said he would impose 100% customs duties on imports including semiconductor chips, with the exception of companies carrying their production to the United States. Trump’s threats have also included pharmaceutical companies, saying that customs tariffs on their products will “be simple initially”, but they can rise to 250%at the end of the end, if their commercial track with the United States is not correct. Trump imposed 50% customs on brass imports, except for the purified type. The fees were increased on the import of steel and aluminum, first up to 25% in March, then up to 50% in June, in an effort to revive local production. On March 26, Trump announced that it would apply permanent customs duties with 25% on cars made outside America on April 2. Once the total sectoral fees have been applied, they will cover between 30% and 70% of the United States imports, while the fees for each country will cover the remaining percentage. How does Trump’s fees affect the global and US economies? On June 3, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said that Trump’s collision policies have led the global economy to delay in light of the increase in uncertainty, and note that the United States is one of the most affected countries. The Paris -based organization has reduced its expectations for global growth for the second time this year, paying attention to the impact of customs duties. The organization expects the growth of the global economy to reduce to 2.9% this year compared to 3.3% in 2024, and that the rate of economic expansion in the United States will drop to 1.6%, from 2.8%, which is a significant fall compared to its previous expectations in March. According to an analysis issued by “Bloomberg Economics” based on the status of commercial policies as in the first July, the Chinese economy appears to be the largest, as it is estimated that more than 1.5% of GDP of the Asian country is threatened as a result of the possibility of 70% of Chinese exports to the US market. Finally, although the fee policy succeeded in pushing some countries to the negotiating table, the answer was not complete submission. On the other hand, the willingness of these countries to negotiate in the light of US pressure can be considered a partial success for Trump, which could transform unilateral measures into real negotiation articles. Nevertheless, the most important countries, especially those who have strategic locations in global supply chains, seek to balance US pressure with deliberate negotiation and diplomatic movements, which are Trump’s efforts to impose his will on the world, are relatively successful, not absolute.